Knowledge

Sourced guides on how the body stays warm, how patients and clinicians are kept comfortable, how crews work safely in cold and heat, and how warming gear works. Pick the theme closest to your world.

Ready to choose gear? Browse all buyer’s guides →

Free tools: wind chill and frostbite calculator, cold work warm-up schedule, what to wear by temperature, which warmth setup is right for you? and the warmth runtime and cost calculator. All tools and data →

All articles

Hypothermia and cold-related deaths: statistics for the US and Canada
Everyday Life and Health David S Everyday Life and Health David S

Hypothermia and cold-related deaths: statistics for the US and Canada

In 2023, 1,024 deaths in the United States were attributed to excessive cold or hypothermia, according to CDC's National Center for Health Statistics, with January the peak month. In Canada, Statistics Canada vital statistics record 1,678 deaths from exposure to excessive natural cold from 2011 to 2023, an average of 129 a year. Men and older adults account for most deaths.

Read More
Cold water survival time: the 1-10-1 rule and what charts get wrong
Everyday Life and Health David S Everyday Life and Health David S

Cold water survival time: the 1-10-1 rule and what charts get wrong

Survival time in cold water is usually decided in the first minutes, not hours. Cold shock peaks in water between 10 and 15°C (50 to 59°F) and can cause drowning within seconds, and arms can fail within minutes. Hypothermia takes at least 30 minutes to develop in adults, even in ice-cold water. Wearing a life jacket is the single biggest factor.

Read More
Keeping a bedbound person warm
Everyday Life and Health David S Everyday Life and Health David S

Keeping a bedbound person warm

To keep a bedridden person warm, hold in their own body heat rather than adding hot devices. Keep the room at least 68 to 70°F, use several light layers of breathable bedding, cover the head, neck and feet, keep skin and sheets dry, and uncover only one area at a time when repositioning. Use heating devices only to prewarm the bed, never against skin.

Read More
Does cold weather make arthritis and fibromyalgia pain worse?
Everyday Life and Health David S Everyday Life and Health David S

Does cold weather make arthritis and fibromyalgia pain worse?

Partly. Many people with arthritis or fibromyalgia say cold, damp weather makes their pain worse, and some studies find a real but modest link with humidity, wind and low air pressure. Temperature itself shows little consistent effect, and several large studies found no link at all. Your own pattern matters more than the average, and staying warm and active can help comfort.

Read More
POTS and dysautonomia: cold hands and temperature swings
Everyday Life and Health David S Everyday Life and Health David S

POTS and dysautonomia: cold hands and temperature swings

Cold hands and feet are common in POTS because the autonomic nervous system, which controls blood vessels and body temperature, does not adjust normally. Blood tends to pool in the lower body when upright, leaving hands and feet cold, pale or purple. Many people swing between too hot and too cold, so the aim is gentle, adjustable warmth that avoids overheating.

Read More
Parkinson's and body temperature
Everyday Life and Health David S Everyday Life and Health David S

Parkinson's and body temperature

Feeling cold is common with Parkinson's because the disease affects the autonomic nervous system, which controls sweating, blood vessel tone and other parts of temperature regulation. Many people notice cold hands, feet or legs, or feel too cold or too hot when others feel fine. Steady layering, a warm home, movement and careful use of heat sources help most.

Read More
MS and cold weather
Everyday Life and Health David S Everyday Life and Health David S

MS and cold weather

Cold weather can make some MS symptoms temporarily worse, most often muscle stiffness, spasms, fatigue and walking. Cold sensitivity is less common than heat sensitivity in MS, and the change usually fades once you warm up again. The practical goal is to stay steadily warm with layers and a warm home, while protecting skin that may not feel heat properly.

Read More
Feeling cold on Ozempic, Wegovy and other GLP-1 medications
Everyday Life and Health David S Everyday Life and Health David S

Feeling cold on Ozempic, Wegovy and other GLP-1 medications

Some people say they feel colder on Ozempic, Wegovy and other GLP-1 medications, but the US prescribing information for Ozempic and Wegovy does not list feeling cold or chills as a side effect. Eating less and losing body fat are plausible contributors, because both are linked to lower heat production or less insulation. Cold that is persistent or extreme deserves a check with your clinician.

Read More
Cold sensitivity during and after chemotherapy, including oxaliplatin
Everyday Life and Health David S Everyday Life and Health David S

Cold sensitivity during and after chemotherapy, including oxaliplatin

Cold sensitivity during chemotherapy is most closely linked to oxaliplatin, which can make cold drinks, cold air and cold surfaces trigger tingling, numbness, cramping or throat tightness, often within hours of an infusion and for several days afterward. It usually fades after treatment ends. Room temperature drinks, gloves, scarves and layers help, and a fever during chemotherapy always needs an immediate call to your care team.

Read More
Staying warm in a wheelchair
Everyday Life and Health David S Everyday Life and Health David S

Staying warm in a wheelchair

To stay warm in a wheelchair, wear loose layers of wool or synthetic fabric, add a hat, warm socks and lined waterproof boots, and cover your lap and legs with a wheelchair poncho or zippered blanket. Use gloves that still grip the push rims. Charge power chairs every night, and keep heat sources off skin you cannot feel well.

Read More
Temperature regulation after spinal cord injury (poikilothermia)
Everyday Life and Health David S Everyday Life and Health David S

Temperature regulation after spinal cord injury (poikilothermia)

After a spinal cord injury, especially at or above T6, the brain loses much of its connection to the skin, blood vessels and sweat glands below the injury. Shivering and sweating work only above that level, so body temperature tends to drift with the room or the weather. This is called poikilothermia. Managing it means controlling the environment, dressing well and avoiding direct heat sources.

Read More
Staying warm with a health condition or disability: start here
Everyday Life and Health David S Everyday Life and Health David S

Staying warm with a health condition or disability: start here

Many health conditions and disabilities change how the body makes heat, holds on to it or senses it. Nerve damage, poor circulation, numb skin, some medicines and moving less all play a part. The safest approach is similar across conditions: keep the home warm, hold in body heat with layers, keep direct heat off skin that cannot feel it, eat and drink regularly, and know the signs of hypothermia.

Read More
Warm gifts for an older parent: comfortable and safe choices
Everyday Life and Health David S Everyday Life and Health David S

Warm gifts for an older parent: comfortable and safe choices

The best warm gifts for an elderly parent are easy to put on, safe to use alone and suited to where they spend the day: soft layers with simple fastenings, a lap throw, warm socks and closed-back slippers with grippy soles, and bedding for cool nights. Anything that heats should have automatic shut-off and simple controls, and should never sit on skin they cannot feel well.

Read More
How to stay warm on a winter commute without overheating indoors
Everyday Life and Health David S Everyday Life and Health David S

How to stay warm on a winter commute without overheating indoors

To stay warm on a winter commute without overheating, dress in thin removable layers instead of one heavy coat, choose outer layers with full zippers you can open, and cover your head, hands and neck for the cold stretches. Vent or remove a layer before you start to sweat, especially on crowded trains, because damp clothing chills you once you step back outside.

Read More