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    Knowledge hub

    Knowledge

    Sourced guides on how the body stays warm, how patients and clinicians are kept comfortable, how crews work safely in cold and heat, and how warming gear works. Pick the theme closest to your world.

    Ready to choose gear? Browse all buyer’s guides →

    Free tools: wind chill and frostbite calculator, cold work warm-up schedule, what to wear by temperature, which warmth setup is right for you? and the warmth runtime and cost calculator. All tools and data →

      All articles

      210 articles

      1. Heated scrub jackets and warm OR layers: a buyer's guideHealthcare
      2. Hypothermia blankets compared: HPMK, Blizzard, Ready-Heat and space blanketsWork and Duty
      3. Why batteries die in the cold: phones, vapes, e-bikes and heated gearTechnology and Gear
      4. Hand warmers for Raynaud's: what helps and what to avoidTechnology and Gear
      5. Toe warmers, body warmers and insoles: which warmer goes whereTechnology and Gear
      6. Rechargeable vs disposable hand warmers: which is better?Technology and Gear
      7. Reusable click hand warmers (sodium acetate): how they workTechnology and Gear
      8. Can you reuse a disposable hand warmer?Technology and Gear
      9. Where to put hand warmers on your body to stay warmestTechnology and Gear
      10. Medications that can make you feel cold: a reference listEveryday life and health
      11. Hypothyroidism and feeling cold: a deeper guideEveryday life and health
      12. ADHD stimulants and cold handsEveryday life and health
      13. Beta blockers and cold hands and feetEveryday life and health
      14. Feeling cold on Mounjaro or Zepbound (tirzepatide)Everyday life and health
      15. Why losing weight makes you feel colderEveryday life and health
      16. Shivering after a C-section or childbirthHealthcare
      17. Feeling cold during and after a blood transfusionHealthcare
      18. Why hospital rooms feel cold: patient rooms, the ER and imagingHealthcare
      19. Staying warm while recovering at home after surgeryHealthcare
      20. What to bring to the hospital to stay warm: a patient packing listHealthcare
      21. Chills after surgery without a fever: what is normal and when to callHealthcare
      22. Why IV fluids make you feel coldHealthcare
      23. Recommended room temperatures by settingEveryday life and health
      24. Key cold numbers: hypothermia, frostbite and warning thresholds on one pageScience of Warmth
      25. Clo values of common clothing: a reference tableScience of Warmth
      26. Thermal comfort glossary: warmth, cold and clothing terms definedScience of Warmth
      27. Heat illness at work: statisticsHeat and Cooling
      28. Raynaud's statistics: how common is it?Everyday life and health
      29. Perioperative hypothermia statistics: how common it is and what the trials showHealthcare
      30. Cold stress and frostbite at work: injury statisticsWork and Duty
      31. Hypothermia and cold-related deaths: statistics for the US and CanadaEveryday life and health
      32. What to wear by temperature, wind and activityEveryday life and health
      33. Cold water survival time chart: the 1-10-1 rule and what charts get wrongEveryday life and health
      34. Cold work warm-up schedule: how long can you work in the cold?Work and Duty
      35. Wind chill and frostbite time calculatorScience of Warmth
      36. Staying warm on a crossing guard or traffic control postWork and Duty
      37. Farm and livestock work in winter: cold stress, water, barns and animalsWork and Duty
      38. Staying warm as a mail carrier or delivery driverWork and Duty
      39. Why you feel cold after surgery, and shivering after anesthesiaHealthcare
      40. Keeping a bedbound person warmEveryday life and health
      41. Keeping a person with dementia warm and safe in cold weatherEveryday life and health
      42. Why an arm or leg feels cold after a strokeEveryday life and health
      43. Does cold weather make arthritis and fibromyalgia pain worse?Everyday life and health
      44. POTS cold hands and feet: why it happensEveryday life and health
      45. Parkinson's and body temperatureEveryday life and health
      46. MS and cold weatherEveryday life and health
      47. Does Ozempic make you cold? Feeling cold on GLP-1 medicationsEveryday life and health
      48. Cold sensitivity after chemotherapy (oxaliplatin): how long it lasts and what helpsEveryday life and health
      49. Cold weather with a prosthesis: residual limb, socket and skinEveryday life and health
      50. Staying warm in a wheelchairEveryday life and health
      51. Temperature regulation after spinal cord injury (poikilothermia)Everyday life and health
      52. Staying warm with a health condition or disability: start hereEveryday life and health
      53. Gifts for nurses who work cold shiftsHealthcare
      54. Firefighting in winter: cold, wet gear and rehabWork and Duty
      55. Warm gifts for an older parent: comfortable and safe choicesEveryday life and health
      56. How to stay warm on a winter commute without overheating indoorsEveryday life and health
      57. Working in the pharmaceutical cold chain: refrigerated rooms, freezers and ultra-cold storageWork and Duty
      58. Staying warm on short trips outside: dog walks, chores and errandsEveryday life and health
      59. Gifts for someone with Raynaud's: warmth that fits daily lifeEveryday life and health
      60. How to stay warm at a football game and other outdoor sporting eventsEveryday life and health
      61. Feeling cold or hot during pregnancy: what is normal and how to stay comfortableEveryday life and health
      62. How to stay warm at a static post: security, checkpoints and traffic controlWork and Duty
      63. Gifts for someone who is always cold: what actually helpsEveryday life and health
      64. Cooling under PPE, gowns and body armorHeat and Cooling
      65. Sterile processing temperature rules and how SPD teams stay comfortableHealthcare
      66. One garment, two seasons: modular heating and cooling explainedHeat and Cooling
      67. Buying thermal gear for a team: an employer's bulk purchasing guideWork and Duty
      68. Hot flashes and personal cooling: what helpsHeat and Cooling
      69. Why dental offices feel cold, and how patients and dental teams stay comfortableHealthcare
      70. Cooling vests for construction and industrial workersHeat and Cooling
      71. Before you buy: a checklist for any warming garmentTechnology and Gear
      72. Preventing heat stress at work: guidance for employersHeat and Cooling
      73. Why dialysis and infusion patients feel cold, and how clinics keep them comfortableHealthcare
      74. Heat stress vs heat exhaustion vs heat strokeHeat and Cooling
      75. What does warmth cost per shift? Disposable warmers vs battery vs heat-reflectiveTechnology and Gear
      76. Cooling vests and heat sensitivity in multiple sclerosisHeat and Cooling
      77. Can you catch a cold (or get a cold) from being cold?Everyday life and health
      78. Phase-change cooling vests: how they work and how long they lastHeat and Cooling
      79. How many hours of warmth do you need? Planning heat by shift lengthTechnology and Gear
      80. How cooling vests work: evaporative, ice, phase-change and activeHeat and Cooling
      81. Do hot drinks actually warm you up?Everyday life and health
      82. Winter hiking and camping: how to stay warm day and nightEveryday life and health
      83. How to size a thermal vest to wear under scrubs, uniforms or body armorTechnology and Gear
      84. How to keep an elderly person warm safelyEveryday life and health
      85. Does alcohol warm you up? What drinking does to body heatEveryday life and health
      86. How to stay warm at work in a cold officeEveryday life and health
      87. How to get a thermal vest approved for use in the OR or clinical areasHealthcare
      88. Riding a motorcycle in the cold: warmth and heated gearEveryday life and health
      89. Do you lose most of your body heat through your head?Everyday life and health
      90. Staying warm skiing and snowboarding without overheatingEveryday life and health
      91. Heat-reflective jacket linings compared: dots, full foil and filmTechnology and Gear
      92. How to stay warm ice fishingEveryday life and health
      93. Extreme cold warnings explained: what the alerts mean and what to doEveryday life and health
      94. How to stay warm while hunting, from treestand to blindEveryday life and health
      95. 7.4V vs 12V heated gear: is more voltage better?Technology and Gear
      96. Base layer materials compared: merino, synthetic, silk and cottonEveryday life and health
      97. Winter running and walking: how to layer for the coldEveryday life and health
      98. How to layer for cold weather: base, mid and shellEveryday life and health
      99. Heated gloves vs glove liners vs mittens with warmer pocketsTechnology and Gear
      100. How clothing warmth is tested: hot plates, manikins and emittanceScience of Warmth
      101. Winter car emergency kit: what to keep in your carEveryday life and health
      102. The clothing microclimate: the air layer that decides how warm you feelScience of Warmth
      103. Battery heat vs air-activated warmers: cost and runtime comparedTechnology and Gear
      104. Military cold-weather layering principles for any cold jobWork and Duty
      105. How to dress a baby for cold weather, outdoors and at nightEveryday life and health
      106. How cold affects batteries in wearables and field gearWork and Duty
      107. Heated vest vs heat-reflective vest: which to buy for which jobTechnology and Gear
      108. Staying warm under body armor and duty gearWork and Duty
      109. Winter coats and car seats: why puffy coats and harnesses don't mixEveryday life and health
      110. Radiant barriers in clothing: how they work and when they matterScience of Warmth
      111. Heated and thermal gear for motorcycle riders: a buying guideEveryday life and health
      112. Wind chill explained: what the number really meansScience of Warmth
      113. Keeping kids warm outdoors: layers, limits and warning signsEveryday life and health
      114. Normal body temperature by age and method (°F and °C)Science of Warmth
      115. Ice fishing warmth: what to buy for hard waterEveryday life and health
      116. Why your hands and feet get cold firstScience of Warmth
      117. How cold should your bedroom be for sleep?Everyday life and health
      118. Conductive heat loss: why cold surfaces drain warmth so fastScience of Warmth
      119. Staying warm in the stand or blind: a hunter's buying guideEveryday life and health
      120. What is a clo? Clothing warmth ratings explainedScience of Warmth
      121. Cold-weather gear for EMS crews: what to buy for winter callsWork and Duty
      122. Emissivity, reflectance and absorptance explainedScience of Warmth
      123. Cold-weather gear for police and security officers: a buyer's guideWork and Duty
      124. The Berry Amendment and military textiles, explainedWork and Duty
      125. Winter gear for construction and utility crews: what to buyWork and Duty
      126. Non-freezing cold injury: the quiet threat to troops and workersWork and Duty
      127. Cold storage PPE: what freezer and cooler workers need, zone by zoneWork and Duty
      128. Prehospital hypothermia prevention: blankets, wraps and active warmersWork and Duty
      129. Warm layers for dentists, hygienists and assistants: a buying guideHealthcare
      130. Hypothermia in trauma and the lethal triadWork and Duty
      131. Thermal gear for anesthesia providers: what works at the head of the bedHealthcare
      132. The Hypothermia Prevention and Management Kit (HPMK) explainedWork and Duty
      133. What nurses and OR staff should look for in thermal gearHealthcare
      134. ECWCS levels 1 to 7 explainedWork and Duty
      135. Building a heated and thermal PPE program: an employer checklistWork and Duty
      136. Space heater safety: what to know before you plug one inEveryday life and health
      137. Winter work in utilities and construction: staying warm and safeWork and Duty
      138. How cold affects worker dexterity, safety and productivityWork and Duty
      139. Are electric blankets and heating pads safe?Everyday life and health
      140. Work and warm-up schedules for cold environmentsWork and Duty
      141. Frostbite vs frostnip vs chilblains: how to tell them apartWork and Duty
      142. Cold feet at night: why it happens and how to sleep warmEveryday life and health
      143. Cold stress symptoms and first aid: hypothermia, frostbite, trench footWork and Duty
      144. What to wear in a freezer warehouse: a layering guideWork and Duty
      145. How to stay warm at home without turning up the heatEveryday life and health
      146. Working in a freezer: health risks and how to manage themWork and Duty
      147. What OSHA says about cold stress (and what it does not)Work and Duty
      148. How to stay warm when the power goes out in winterEveryday life and health
      149. Far-infrared clothing and Celliant: what the evidence saysTechnology and Gear
      150. Phase-change materials in clothing, explainedTechnology and Gear
      151. Staying warm at home and with family: a complete winter guideEveryday life and health
      152. Aerogel in clothing: how the thinnest insulation worksTechnology and Gear
      153. How space blankets work, and what they cannot doTechnology and Gear
      154. Do heat-reflective linings like Omni-Heat actually work?Technology and Gear
      155. How to choose a heated or thermal vest: fit, zones and featuresTechnology and Gear
      156. Heated socks vs heated insolesTechnology and Gear
      157. Battery-heated vs battery-free warmth: how to chooseTechnology and Gear
      158. Are hand warmers safe? Skin, sleep, kids and pregnancyTechnology and Gear
      159. Flying with heated clothing: TSA and airline battery rulesTechnology and Gear
      160. Heated vest batteries explained: volts, mAh, watt-hours and runtimeTechnology and Gear
      161. PTC self-regulating heaters in wearables, explainedTechnology and Gear
      162. How heated vests work: carbon fiber, wire and batteriesTechnology and Gear
      163. How long do hand warmers last, and do they expire?Technology and Gear
      164. How hand warmers work: the chemistry of air-activated heatTechnology and Gear
      165. Can you wash a heated vest? Care guide for heated and heat-reflective garmentsTechnology and Gear
      166. Heated vest vs heated jacket vs heated hoodieTechnology and Gear
      167. Are heated vests safe? Pacemakers, pregnancy, elderly and moreTechnology and Gear
      168. Heated clothing with diabetes or neuropathy: safety firstEveryday life and health
      169. Scleroderma, lupus and cold: living well in cold weatherEveryday life and health
      170. Cold intolerance: thyroid, anemia, chemotherapy and other causesEveryday life and health
      171. Why keeping your core warm helps cold handsEveryday life and health
      172. Best gloves for Raynaud's: what to look forEveryday life and health
      173. Raynaud's vs chilblains, acrocyanosis and other look-alikesEveryday life and health
      174. Primary vs secondary Raynaud's: what the difference meansEveryday life and health
      175. Cold hands and feet: causes, patterns and practical fixesEveryday life and health
      176. Why am I always cold? Common causes and when to see a doctorEveryday life and health
      177. Core temperature monitoring: methods and accuracyHealthcare
      178. Operating room temperature and humidity standards (ASHRAE 170 and AORN)Healthcare
      179. Passive vs active warming: when each is usedHealthcare
      180. Forced-air vs conductive warming: what the evidence showsHealthcare
      181. Conductive and resistive patient warming explainedHealthcare
      182. Forced-air warming explained: how convective patient warming worksHealthcare
      183. Prewarming before surgery: why 30 minutes mattersHealthcare
      184. Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia: NICE, AORN and ASA guidance comparedHealthcare
      185. Cooling vests for surgeons: heat stress under gowns and lead apronsHealthcare
      186. Cold work areas in hospitals: cath labs, pharmacies, labs and morguesHealthcare
      187. Surgeons are hot, nurses are cold: the OR thermal comfort gapHealthcare
      188. Cold hands and dexterity: what the research shows for cliniciansHealthcare
      189. Battery-powered personal devices in clinical areas: safety considerationsHealthcare
      190. Warm layers and OR attire: infection-control rules explainedHealthcare
      191. Why are operating rooms so cold?Healthcare
      192. How heat-reflective clothing linings workTechnology and Gear
      193. Raynaud's: a practical guide to staying warmEveryday life and health
      194. The 4 ways the body loses heat: radiation, convection, conduction and evaporationScience of Warmth
      195. Scrub jacket, warm-up jacket or thermal vest: which keeps clinicians warmest?Healthcare
      196. Wearing a heated or thermal vest under scrubs: what to knowHealthcare
      197. How to stay warm in the operating room: a practical guide for staffHealthcare
      198. What is perioperative hypothermia? Definition, causes and risksHealthcare
      199. Heated and thermal gear: the buying, safety and care guideTechnology and Gear
      200. Personal cooling and heat stress: a complete guideHeat and Cooling
      201. From operations to innovation: the story behind HEATJACTechnology and Gear
      202. Temperature control and the next evolution of thermal technologyTechnology and Gear
      203. Staying warm outdoors and at home: the complete layering and warmth guideEveryday life and health
      204. Cold-weather readiness: thermal systems for military, tactical and EMS teamsWork and Duty
      205. Working in the cold: a guide for employers and crewsWork and Duty
      206. Cold sensitivity and Raynaud's: a practical guide to staying warmEveryday life and health
      207. Cold on shift: a clinician's guide to thermal comfort in hospitalsHealthcare
      208. Perioperative hypothermia and patient warming: the complete guideHealthcare
      209. Every way to warm the human body: warming technologies comparedTechnology and Gear
      210. The thermal science of the human body: a complete guideScience of Warmth